The correct answer is Frantz Fanon (Option 2) because "Black Skin, White Masks" is a famous book written by him. Published in 1952, it is a seminal work in postcolonial studies, critical theory, and philosophy. In this book, Fanon examines the psychological effects of colonization on black individuals and the societal implications of racism, exploring the internalization of inferiority by colonized peoples and the dehumanizing effects of colonialism.
The other options listed are renowned figures but are not associated with "Black Skin, White Masks":
Ngugi wa Thiong'o: A Kenyan writer known for works such as "Decolonising the Mind" and "Petals of Blood".
Richard Wright: An American author known for books like "Native Son" and "Black Boy".
Martin Luther King Jr.: A leader in the American Civil Rights Movement, known for works like "Stride Toward Freedom" and his speeches.
Thus, Frantz Fanon is the correct author of "Black Skin, White Masks".