The correct answer is 1. John Locke because Locke famously proposed the idea that the mind at birth is like a "blank slate" or tabula rasa in his work An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690). According to Locke, individuals are born without any innate ideas, and all knowledge comes from experience and perception, shaping the mind as one grows.
Here's a breakdown of the other options for clarity:
J.S. Mill: Known for his contributions to utilitarianism and political philosophy, but he did not propose the concept of tabula rasa.
Bertrand Russell: A 20th-century philosopher who focused on logic, mathematics, and analytic philosophy, but did not advance the tabula rasa theory.
Francis Bacon: A philosopher and scientist who laid the foundations of the scientific method, but he did not advocate the tabula rasa theory of the mind.
Locke's theory of the tabula rasa emphasizes that our experiences shape our knowledge, which is why he is associated with this concept.
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