The correct answer is 2. Empiricist because John Locke is most famously associated with empiricism in philosophy.
In his work "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" (1690), Locke argues that all knowledge comes from experience. He rejects the idea of innate ideas (concepts we are born with) and instead claims that the mind is a "tabula rasa" or blank slate at birth, which is gradually filled through sensory experiences. This idea is central to empiricist philosophy, which asserts that knowledge is primarily or entirely derived from sensory input.
Here’s why the other options are incorrect:
Aesthetic Philosophy deals with the nature of art, beauty, and taste, which is not the focus of Locke’s essay.
Nationalist Philosophy concerns itself with political nationalism and the idea of a nation-state, which Locke’s essay doesn’t address.
Realist Philosophy is the belief in the reality of the world independent of our perceptions, which is related but not the specific focus of Locke’s essay.
Thus, Locke's work is a foundational text of empiricist philosophy.
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