In Culture and Anarchy (1869), Matthew Arnold uses the term “Hebraism” as part of his distinction between Hebraism and Hellenism. Here's the reasoning behind the correct answer:
Hebraism refers to a focus on moral education, obedience, and conduct—a way of life centered on adherence to moral laws and the cultivation of inner righteousness. It emphasizes doing the right thing through strict discipline and ethical behavior.
Hellenism, on the other hand, emphasizes intellectual autonomy, rational thought, and openness to ideas—in other words, the pursuit of knowledge, beauty, and culture.
Thus, the correct answer is 1 (Moral education) because Arnold associates Hebraism with a moral outlook focused on conduct, duty, and the primacy of ethical behavior over intellectual exploration.
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