The correct answer is 1 (I and II: mutton and pork) because these words were borrowed from French after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066.
Explanation:
Norman Conquest and Language Influence:
After the Norman Conquest, French (specifically Anglo-Norman) became the language of the ruling class, while Old English remained the language of the common people. This resulted in a linguistic distinction where:
The English-speaking peasants raised animals and used Old English words for them.
The French-speaking nobility consumed the prepared meat and used French-derived words for it.
Word Origins:
Mutton (from Old French moton) → Refers to sheep meat (borrowed from French).
Pork (from Old French porc) → Refers to pig meat (borrowed from French).
Sheep (from Old English sceap) → Refers to the animal (native English word).
Swine (from Old English swin) → Refers to the animal (native English word).
Thus, mutton and pork were borrowed from French, making option 1 (I and II) the correct answer.
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