The correct answer is 2. Michael Long because he is the scholar most commonly associated with the Interaction Hypothesis in second language acquisition (SLA).
Explanation:
Michael Long (1980s) developed the Interaction Hypothesis, which argues that language acquisition is facilitated through meaningful interaction and communication.
He emphasized the importance of negotiation for meaning, where learners modify their speech, ask for clarification, and receive feedback to enhance comprehension and learning.
The other options:
David Nunan – Known for work in task-based language teaching (TBLT).
Alastair Pennycook – Focuses on critical applied linguistics and language policy.
Claire Kramsch – Known for research on language and culture in SLA.
Thus, Michael Long is the correct answer. ✅
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