The correct answer is 2. Stuart Hall.
Stuart Hall, a prominent cultural theorist and sociologist, is widely known for his work on cultural studies and the concept of "new ethnicities." His writings in the 1980s focused on how post-war Britain was experiencing new forms of ethnic identity that were not defined solely by traditional categories of race or nationhood. He argued that these new ethnicities were fluid, diverse, and shaped by migration, colonialism, and global influences.
Hall's theory challenged static notions of ethnicity and instead emphasized the role of culture, history, and power in the construction of ethnic identities. His influential work laid the foundation for understanding identity as dynamic and multifaceted, especially in post-colonial contexts like Britain.
The other options are also prominent figures, but they are not associated with the concept of "new ethnicities" in the same way that Stuart Hall is:
Donald Hall: Known for his work on American poetry and literature, not ethnic studies in post-war Britain.
Paul Gilroy: A significant scholar in the field of race and post-colonial studies, but he is more associated with the concept of the "Black Atlantic."
Hanif Kureishi: A writer and playwright known for works exploring identity, race, and multiculturalism, but not the specific concept of "new ethnicities."
Thus, the correct answer is 2. Stuart Hall.
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