The correct answer is 3, "both gender and class differences," because material feminism is a theoretical framework that examines how gender and class intersect to create and perpetuate social inequalities. Material feminists argue that economic and material conditions are crucial to understanding gendered experiences and social relations. They focus on how both gender and class dynamics contribute to systemic inequality.
Here’s a brief breakdown of why the other options don’t fit as well:
Gender differences: While material feminism does examine gender differences, it does so in the context of class and other material conditions. It’s not solely focused on gender differences.
Class differences: Similarly, material feminism does consider class differences, but it does so in relation to gender and other factors, not in isolation.
Female consumerism: This is a more specific topic and doesn’t encompass the broader materialist perspective that includes both gender and class.
Material feminism emphasizes the interplay between gender and class to fully understand social inequalities, hence the answer is 3.
Year-wise PYQs
