The correct answer is 1. W.K. Wimsatt, and here's why:
The term "Intentional Fallacy" was introduced by W.K. Wimsatt and his co-author Monroe C. Beardsley in their influential essay titled "The Intentional Fallacy" (1946). In this essay, they argued that one should not judge a work of literature based on the author's intention. According to Wimsatt and Beardsley, trying to determine what the author intended to convey is a fallacy because the meaning of a work should be derived from the text itself, not from external sources such as the author's personal intentions.
Explanation of the other options:
2. Roland Barthes: Barthes is known for his famous essay "The Death of the Author" (1967), which proposes a similar idea—that the author's personal intentions should not govern the interpretation of a text. However, Barthes did not use the term "Intentional Fallacy"; that was Wimsatt and Beardsley's contribution.
3. J. Hillis Miller: A prominent literary theorist, Miller focused on issues like deconstruction and interpretation, but he is not associated with the concept of "Intentional Fallacy." He is more known for his work in deconstructive criticism and other areas of literary theory.
4. John Keats: Keats was a Romantic poet, and while he discussed the role of the poet and interpretation in his letters, he did not coin the term "Intentional Fallacy."
So, W.K. Wimsatt is the correct answer because he, along with Beardsley, specifically coined the term and developed the argument against focusing on the author's intentions when analyzing a work of literature.
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